Bakin karfe sassa

Takaitaccen Bayani:

Bakin karfe rukuni ne na gami da ferrous wanda ya ƙunshi mafi ƙarancin kusan 11% chromium, abun da ke hana ƙarfen daga tsatsa kuma yana ba da kaddarorin da ke jure zafi.Daban-daban na bakin karfe sun haɗa da abubuwan carbon (daga 0.03% zuwa sama da 1.00%), nitrogen, aluminum, silicon, sulfur, titanium, nickel, jan karfe, selenium, niobium, da molybdenum.Musamman nau'ikan bakin karfe galibi ana tsara su ta lambar lambobi uku ta AISI, misali, bakin karfe 304.

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Gabatarwar sassan bakin karfe:

Bakin karfe rukuni ne na ferrous gami wanda ya ƙunshi mafi ƙarancin kusan 11% chromium, abun da ke ciki wanda ke hana ƙarfe daga tsatsa kuma yana ba da kaddarorin da ke jure zafi. 1.00%), nitrogen, aluminum, silicon, sulfur, titanium, nickel, jan karfe, selenium, niobium, da molybdenum.Takamaiman nau'ikan bakin karfe galibi ana tsara su ta AISI mai lamba uku, misali, 304 bakin karfe.Ma'auni na ISO 15510 ya lissafa abubuwan haɗin sinadarai na bakin karfe na ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ISO, ASTM, EN, JIS, da GB (Sin) a cikin teburin musaya mai amfani.

Bakin karfe ta juriya ga tsatsa sakamakon daga gaban chromium a cikin gami, wanda Forms wani m fim da ke kare tushen abu daga lalata harin, kuma zai iya warkar da kai a gaban oxygen.Lalacewar juriya za a iya ƙara kara da wadannan hanyoyin. :

1. ƙara chromium abun ciki zuwa fiye da 11%.
2. ƙara nickel zuwa akalla 8%.
3. ƙara molybdenum (wanda kuma yana inganta juriya ga lalatawar rami).

Bugu da ƙari na nitrogen kuma yana inganta juriya ga lalata lalata kuma yana ƙara ƙarfin injiniya. Don haka, akwai nau'o'in nau'i na bakin karfe masu yawa tare da bambancin chromium da abubuwan da ke ciki na molybdenum don dacewa da yanayin da kayan aiki dole ne su jure.

Juriya ga lalata da tabo, ƙarancin kulawa, da walƙiya da aka saba da su suna sanya bakin karfe ya zama kyakkyawan abu don aikace-aikacen da yawa inda ake buƙatar ƙarfin ƙarfe da juriya na lalata.Haka kuma, bakin karfe za a iya mirgina cikin zanen gado, faranti, sanduna, waya, da tubing.Ana iya amfani da waɗannan a cikin kayan dafa abinci, kayan yanka, kayan aikin tiyata, manyan na'urori, motoci, kayan gini a cikin manyan gine-gine, kayan aikin masana'antu (misali, a cikin injina na takarda, tsire-tsire masu sinadarai, maganin ruwa), da tankunan ajiya da tankuna don sinadarai da samfuran abinci.Juriya na lalata kayan, da sauƙin da za a iya tsabtace tururi da haifuwa, da rashin buƙatun buƙatun saman ya haifar da amfani da bakin karfe a cikin dafa abinci da masana'antar sarrafa abinci.

Austenitic bakin karfe shine mafi girman dangi na bakin karfe, wanda yakai kusan kashi biyu bisa uku na duk abin da aka samar da bakin karfe (duba alkaluman samarwa a kasa).Suna mallaki microstructure na austenitic, wanda shine tsari mai siffar siffar siffar siffar fuska.Wannan microstructure yana samuwa ta hanyar hada karfe tare da isasshen nickel da / ko manganese da nitrogen don kula da microstructure na austenitic a duk yanayin zafi, kama daga yankin cryogenic zuwa wurin narkewa. .Don haka, bakin karfe austenitic ba su da ƙarfi ta hanyar magani mai zafi tunda suna da microstructure iri ɗaya a duk yanayin zafi.

Jerin kayan bakin karfe

Austenitic bakin karfe za a iya kara zuwa kashi biyu sub-rukuni, 200 jerin da 300 jerin:

Jerin 200 sune chromium-manganese-nickel alloys waɗanda ke haɓaka amfani da manganese da nitrogen don rage yawan amfani da nickel.Saboda ƙari na nitrogen, sun mallaki kusan 50% mafi girman ƙarfin amfanin gona fiye da jerin bakin karfe 300.

Nau'in 201 yana da ƙarfi ta hanyar aikin sanyi.
Nau'in 202 bakin karfe ne na gaba ɗaya.Rage abun ciki na nickel da haɓakar manganese yana haifar da raunin juriya na lalata.
300 jerin su ne chromium-nickel gami da cimma su austenitic microstructure kusan na musamman ta nickel alloying;wasu makin da aka haɗa sosai sun haɗa da wasu nitrogen don rage buƙatun nickel.Jerin 300 shine rukuni mafi girma kuma mafi yawan amfani dashi.
Nau'in 304: Mafi sanannun daraja shine nau'in 304, wanda kuma aka sani da 18/8 da 18/10 don abun da ke ciki na 18% chromium da 8%/10% nickel, bi da bi.
Nau'in 316: Bakin karfe na austenitic na biyu na kowa shine Nau'in 316. Bugu da ƙari na 2% molybdenum yana ba da mafi girma juriya ga acid da lalata na gida wanda ya haifar da ions chloride.Ƙananan nau'ikan carbon, irin su 316L ko 304L, suna da abubuwan da ke cikin carbon da ke ƙasa da 0.03% kuma ana amfani da su don guje wa matsalolin lalata da walda ke haifarwa.

Maganin zafi na bakin karfe

Martensitic bakin karfe za a iya kula da zafi don samar da ingantattun kayan aikin injiniya.

Maganin zafi ya ƙunshi matakai uku:
Austenitizing, a cikin abin da karfe ne mai tsanani zuwa zazzabi a cikin kewayon 980-1,050 °C (1,800-1,920 °F), dangane da sa.Sakamakon austenite yana da tsari mai siffar cubic crystal mai fuskantar fuska.
Quenching.An canza austenite zuwa martensite, tsarin crystal tetragonal mai wuyar jiki.Martensite quenched yana da wuyar gaske kuma yana da rauni sosai don yawancin aikace-aikace.Wasu ragowar austenite na iya zama.
Haushi.Martensite yana zafi zuwa kusan 500 ° C (932 °F), ana riƙe shi a zazzabi, sannan a sanyaya iska.Maɗaukakin zafin jiki yana rage ƙarfin samarwa da ƙarfin juriya na ƙarshe amma yana ƙara haɓakawa da juriya mai tasiri.